Though side effects may occur, especially in the first few weeks of treatment, most will disappear on their own as your child’s body adjusts to the medication. “For most children, the benefit of treatment outweighs any potential side effects,” says Michael Goldstein, MD, neurologist and vice president of the American Academy of Neurology. In the meantime, here are some simple strategies parents can implement to minimize common side effects.
Stomachaches
To help reduce stomach complaints, have your child take their medicine with food or following a meal.
Headaches
Like stomachaches, headaches may be helped by taking the medication with food. Sometimes, however, headaches can be caused by a mineral deficiency; some children with ADHD have been found to be deficient in magnesium, which may result in headaches.
Decreased Appetite
Give your child healthy, calorie-dense snacks throughout the day, especially at peak appetite times. Here are a few options to try: —Jennifer Shu, MD, pediatrician and author
Apples or bananas with peanut butterCheese and crackersProtein barsHard-boiled egg and slice of toastMuffins and glass of milk
Additionally, you can talk with your child’s doctor about planning for the medication dosage to be taken after mealtimes.
Difficulty Falling Asleep
Sleep issues in children with ADHD are a common occurrence. Sometimes the stimulant medication affects sleep. Other times, the restlessness that accompanies ADHD causes difficulty falling asleep. A good sleep routine is also very important. Make this time a special time. Here are some tips to help:
Begin to settle down at least about half an hour before bedtime. While it might not be time to go to bed yet, it is helpful to have your child engage in quiet activities. It can be hard to transition from playing basketball or a fast-paced computer game to going straight to bed. Have your child move to activities such as reading, putting together puzzles, or coloring in preparation for bedtime.Establish a bedtime routine. Have your child use the bathroom, wash their hands, brush their teeth, get into their pajamas, listen to soothing music, read a book, then say goodnight, for example.Stick to a regular schedule. Try to have your child go to bed at the same time each night and keep a regular wake-up time in the morning.
Work With Your Child’s Doctor
If these strategies do not alleviate side effects, be sure to consult with your child’s doctor. Additional side effects you should discuss with them include:
Increased anxiety Irritability Tics (involuntary motor or vocal movements, such as excessive eye blinking, facial grimaces, muscle tensing, coughing, or throat clearing, among others)
There are also potential risks from ADHD medication that are important to discuss with your child’s doctor. For example, non-stimulants Strattera (atomoxetine) and Qelbree (viloxazine) contain warnings about suicidal thoughts, and Qelbree also warns of suicidal behaviors, so it’s important to monitor for any changes in your child’s mood and behavior. Be sure to discuss potential serious side effects and your child’s medical history with your doctor to find a medication that’s safe for them, and so you know what to look out for should anything arise.
The Right Dosage and Medication
Your child’s doctor may choose to prescribe a different type of stimulant, as this can be an important factor in managing side effects, particularly sleep disturbance and agitation/irritability. For more mental health resources, see our National Helpline Database. Examples of this include:
Concerta (a long-acting form of methylphenidate) may be used in the morning with an addition of short-acting Ritalin in the early afternoon to allow for coverage that lasts all day but wears off before bedtime. An individual may sometimes have more or fewer side effects on Ritalin (methylphenidate) versus Adderall (mixed amphetamine salts). Jornay PM (methylphenidate HCI), which is indicated for the treatment of ADHD in patients age 6 years and older, is specially formulated to release its contents slowly enough that it doesn’t impair sleep and then begins relieving ADHD symptoms upon waking up in the morning.
These are all issues your child’s doctor can assess. Another factor your doctor will likely consider to help minimize side effects is adjusting the medication dosage.
A Word From Verywell
If your child has just started a new medication, rest assured that many initial, common side effects should go away. In general, however, it’s important to keep your doctor informed of what your child is experiencing while taking an ADHD medication to assess if any changes should be made to minimize its side effects.
