Responses to Traumatic Events
Because psychological responses vary for each person, it’s important that those treating or living with individuals undergoing a crisis learn to recognize the common reactions to a traumatic event. Reactions can include changes in behavior, physical well-being, psychological health, thinking patterns, spiritual beliefs, and social interactions. These signs, symptoms, and reactions are common psychological responses to a crisis or traumatic event. Some of them include:
Anger, moodiness, and irritability Becoming obsessive Crying Denial Disbelief Disinterest in previous activities Emotional numbness Forgetfulness Grief Guilt Increased use of alcohol and drugs Isolation or withdrawal from others Nightmares and other sleep disturbances Panic Questioning faith or religion Sleeping too much Social withdrawal
Responses to a Current Crisis
Albert R. Roberts describes the characteristics of individuals who are currently going through a crisis or traumatic event. They include:
Beginning to recognize that there’s a threatDiscovering that the stress and trauma of the event cannot be dealt with using existing coping skillsExperiencing fear, confusion, and stressExhibiting symptoms of distress and discomfortEntering a state of imbalance where the crisis situation seems insurmountable
How You Can Help Someone Through Trauma or Crisis
If someone you know has been or is going through a traumatic event or crisis, there are ways you can help, including:
Being available to listenReassuring them that they are safeHelping them with household tasks such as shopping, cleaning, cooking, or taking care of kidsSpending time with themNot taking negative emotions or outbursts to heartEncouraging them to get plenty of rest and to eat wellMaking sure they have time aloneRecognizing their suffering and encouraging and supporting their ability to copeMaking sure they have other supportive people and/or networks in their lifeHelping them recognize when it’s time to get outside help
Treatment May Be Needed
Crisis counseling can be very beneficial to help people cope with the negative effects of a crisis situation. While most crisis events are time-limited, long-term exposure to stressors and traumas can lead to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other anxiety disorders. Individuals suffering from PTSD experience flashbacks, nightmares, sleep disturbances, and other symptoms, which often become so severe that they interfere with daily life. Unfortunately, many people who have been through a disaster or traumatic event don’t think they need help even though they acknowledge psychological distress. Because the risk of PTSD and other mental health issues is increased, it’s important to encourage individuals who have been through a disaster, crisis, or trauma to seek help.
